I will try to respond through a later post, but the article of mine to which Alexander Nachman refers to, was published in March 2011, at a time when religious symbols had not returned so massively in public discourses in post-Mubarak Egypt or post-Ben Ali Tunisia. So, yes, now discourses of citizenship in these post-revolution countries are enmeshed with religious discourses. But in Libya or Bahrain, it is significant that the revolutionary movements have refused to use religious categories and speak the (secular) language of equality, citizenship, and participation.